Doctors Warn of Extreme Heat at 42°C, Risk of Heat Stroke Advise on Basic First Aid Everyone Should Know

The Meteorological Department warns of extreme heat in upper Thailand with temperatures rising up to 42 degrees Celsius, alternating with thunderstorms. Chiang Mai University doctors advise on how to recognize heat stroke symptoms and care for vulnerable groups like children and the elderly.

The Meteorological Department has issued a warning for upper Thailand to prepare for intense heat, with temperatures soaring to 42 degrees Celsius, alternating with localized thunderstorms. Doctors at Chiang Mai University are concerned about public health, fearing the body may not adjust in time, increasing the risk of heat stroke, a critical condition if not properly managed.

Temperatures reaching 42 degrees Celsius put heavy strain on the body, increasing the risk of dehydration.

Assistant Professor Dr. Briboon Chentanakit, head of the Emergency Medicine Department at Chiang Mai University's Faculty of Medicine, stated that when temperatures reach 42 degrees Celsius, the body must work harder to cool itself through sweating. Insufficient water intake can lead to dehydration, fatigue, dizziness, and may escalate to heat stroke, a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.

Unstable weather alternating between heat and rain raises concerns for respiratory illnesses.

The extreme heat alternating with thunderstorms causes the body to struggle to adapt, making people more susceptible to illness, especially

• respiratory system diseases and colds.
• Heat exhaustion.
• Symptoms of dizziness and fainting from prolonged sun exposure.
• Discomfort from rapid temperature changes when moving in and out of air-conditioned rooms.

How to distinguish between heat stroke and heat exhaustion?

Doctors explain the differences between these often-confused conditions as follows:

• Heat Stroke: The body loses control over temperature regulation, resulting in extremely high body temperature, red skin, absence of sweating, dizziness, nausea, confusion, or loss of consciousness.
• Heat Exhaustion: Symptoms include fatigue, excessive sweating, dizziness, and lightheadedness.

Six high-risk groups requiring special care:

• Young children.
• The elderly.
• Patients with heart disease.
• Patients with high blood pressure.
• Patients with diabetes.
• People who work or perform outdoor activities, such as farmers and construction workers.

Self-care and basic first aid methods:

If someone shows abnormal symptoms like palpitations, dizziness, or fainting, quickly move them to a shaded, well-ventilated area, loosen their clothing, cool their body with water, and offer small sips of water. If they lose consciousness, immediately take them to the hospital. For general prevention, the following are recommended:

• Drink clean water: at least 6-8 glasses per day, even if not thirsty.
• Avoid drinks: alcohol, high-caffeine, and sugary beverages as these increase water loss.
• Avoid direct sunlight, especially between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m.
• Dress in breathable clothing, wear a hat or use an umbrella when exposed to the sun.

During prolonged extreme heat, people should regularly monitor their own and their close ones' symptoms. Staying well-hydrated and avoiding midday sun exposure are key to safely getting through this critical weather period.