Every year around mid-year, the term "P.N.D.94" resurfaces as a topic of curiosity, especially for those who have just started a business, freelancing, or have multiple income sources.
Many believe tax filing is only required at the beginning of the year, but in fact, if you have certain types of income, the law requires you to file the half-year personal income tax return (P.N.D.94) for income earned from January to June.
Thus, filing the half-year tax return is not double taxation; it is a way to pay taxes in installments during the year to reduce the burden of a large tax payment at year-end and to help both taxpayers and the government manage cash flow more systematically.
Primarily, the Revenue Department states that P.N.D.94 applies to individuals with income under Sections 40(5) to 40(8) of the Revenue Code, namely:
1. Income from property rental (Section 40(5))
If you earn income from leasing out property, such as
this income is subject to consideration for half-year tax filing. Currently, investing in condominium rentals for steady income is increasingly popular, making many salaried workers unknowingly become multi-income earners.
2. Independent professionals (Section 40(6))
This covers professionals with specialized knowledge, such as
If you earn income from these professions, you may also be required to file P.N.D.94.
3. Contractors (Section 40(7))
This refers to contractors who undertake work by providing their own materials, equipment, or labor, such as
Income of this nature is another category legally required to file the half-year tax return.
4. Income from other businesses or independent professions (Section 40(8))
This group has significantly grown in the digital economy era, including
If you earn income from these activities, you may be required to file the half-year tax return as well.
For those earning income solely from salaries, with tax withheld by their employer as usual, most do not need to file P.N.D.94. However, if besides your salary you also have income from
these additional incomes may require you to file the half-year tax return. This is a common misunderstanding that causes many to miss filing unintentionally.
Another frequent misconception is that filing P.N.D.94 means paying additional tax again at year-end. In reality, tax paid during the half-year period is credited when filing the annual personal income tax return (P.N.D.90).
If you overpay, you can request a tax refund; if underpaid, you only pay the remaining balance. Therefore, this is not double taxation but installment payments based on income earned.
It is clear that nowadays, many Thais have multiple income streams beyond just salaries. Many have income from investments, rentals, side jobs, or online platforms, which increases income but also complicates tax obligations.
Knowing which types of income require filing the half-year tax return not only helps avoid penalties or surcharges but also serves as a starting point for effective tax planning and cash flow management.
The schedule for filing the personal income half-year tax return (P.N.D.94) for 2026 is as follows:
Source: Revenue Department
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