What do Chapters 1 and 2 of the Constitution mean before the 8 Feb 2026 referendum? This is an important day when Thai citizens will decide together whether to create a new constitution to replace the 2017 version. The most discussed chapters in this constitutional amendment are Chapters 1 and 2, summarized as follows.
This chapter is like the "foundation" of the country, defining the state's form and system of governance.
Article 1: Thailand is one indivisible Kingdom (principle of a unitary state).
Article 2: Thailand is a democratic state with the King as Head of State.
Article 3: Sovereignty belongs to the Thai people, with the King as Head of State.
Article 4: Protects human dignity, rights, freedoms, and equality.
Article 5: The constitution is the supreme law; no other law may contradict it.
This chapter sets out provisions concerning the institution of the monarchy.
Article 6: The King is revered and cannot be violated; no one may accuse or sue the King in any way.
Other articles cover succession, appointment of privy councillors, regents, and royal duties.
In this referendum, the government (led by Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul) and many major political parties have clearly stated they will draft a new constitution without changing Chapters 1 and 2.
Supporters argue that to advance the drafting process by the Constitution Drafting Assembly (CDA) without social conflict over the monarchy, these two chapters must be protected from amendments.
Opponents worry that the constitution should be amendable in all chapters for a fully democratic system, but current law (Article 255) prohibits any amendments that would alter the democratic system or state form.
Date: 8 February 2026 (the same day as the general election)
Purpose: To ask the public whether they agree to allow the drafting of a new constitution.